【零起点英语】第一百六十讲:Wood 用不完的木材

语法重点

1. 介绍 first of all 及 at first 的不同：

a.first of all 表 ''第一点'' 或 ''首先''，用以按顺序陈述要点。请参看下列：

There are three things you need to know if you want to learn English well.

First of all / First / Firstly , you need to have a good dictionary.  Next / Second / Secondly   , you must read as much as possible every day.

Last / Lastly / Finally / Third / Thirdly   , you should learn to keep a diary in English, which will help sharpen your writing skills.

你若想学好英语，必须了解三件事。首先，你必须俱备一本好字典。其次∕第二，你每天都需大量阅读。最后∕第三，你应学习用英文写日记，这么做将有助于精进你的写作技巧。

b. at first 表 ''起初，起先''，该副词短语在句中出现时，恒与过去时动词

并用。请参看下例：

At first  / In the beginning , I thought John was honest. Later, I found him a liar.

起先我还以为约翰很老实。后来我才发现他是个爱说谎的人。

c. at last 表 ''终于''，请参看下例：

I'm glad that we finished all the work  at last / finally.

我很高兴我们终于把所有工作都做完了。

本课第五句及第六句句首分别使用了 First of all 及 Secondly 如下：

First of all, houses and buildings were made of wood to an extent that was 

unknown in Britain. Secondly, wood was used as a fuel for heating and cooking.

首先，房舍和建筑物都是由木材建造……。其次，木材被用来当作燃料以供应暖气和煮饭。

2. 介绍 plenty 及 plentiful 的区别与用法：

a. plenty 是名词，表「许多」，必须与介词 of 并用，形成下列固定用法：

plenty of + 复数名词∕不可数名词

plenty of friends / books / pens / students...

许多朋友∕书∕笔∕学生……

plenty of work / money / information / water...

不少工作∕钱∕信息∕水……

I'm sorry, but I can't go hiking with you this weekend. I have plenty of work to do.

很抱歉，这个周末我不能跟你一块健行了。我有许多工作要做。

Whenever David needs help, he has plenty of friends to offer him a hand.

每当戴维需要帮助时，他都有很多朋友向他伸出援手。

b. plentiful 是形容词，表 ''大量的'' 或 ''充分的''，有下列用法：

John's friends are plentiful.

= John has plentiful friends.

= John has plenty of friends.

约翰有很多朋友。

Paul has plentiful experience in fashion design.

保罗有很丰富的时装设计经验。

本课第二句即使用 ''a plentiful + 单数可数名词'' 的用法：

...Americans had a plentiful supply of wood.

……美国人拥有丰富的木材供应量。